Understanding Blood Pressure
What is Blood Pressure?
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. It's measured using two numbers: systolic (pressure during heart beats) and diastolic (pressure between beats).
Blood Pressure Categories
| Category | Systolic | Diastolic |
|---|---|---|
| Normal | Less than 120 | Less than 80 |
| Elevated | 120-129 | Less than 80 |
| Stage 1 Hypertension | 130-139 | 80-89 |
| Stage 2 Hypertension | 140 or higher | 90 or higher |
| Hypertensive Crisis | Higher than 180 | Higher than 120 |
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
- Age and genetics
- Diet and salt intake
- Physical activity level
- Weight
- Stress levels
- Smoking and alcohol consumption
- Existing health conditions
Signs of High Blood Pressure
- Headaches
- Shortness of breath
- Nosebleeds
- Visual changes
- Chest pain
Note: High blood pressure often has no symptoms - that's why it's called the "silent killer"
Managing Blood Pressure
- Monitor regularly at home
- Reduce sodium intake
- Exercise regularly
- Maintain healthy weight
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Practice stress management
- Take medications as prescribed
Healthy Lifestyle Tips
- Follow DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)
- Aim for 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly
- Get 7-9 hours of quality sleep
- Practice relaxation techniques
- Regular medical check-ups
When to Seek Emergency Care
If your blood pressure reading exceeds 180/120 mm Hg and you have any of these symptoms:
- Severe chest pain
- Severe headache
- Vision problems
- Difficulty breathing
- Irregular heartbeat